文化自觉：照亮中国基础教育理性化阴影之灯

中国传统基础教育以私塾为形式，人文性的四书五经为其内容。清末民初，私塾为理性化的班级授课制所取代，这是理性在教育领域的第一次胜利；近十年来，基础教育集中于乡镇以上学校，村小学被拆并，乡镇初中日渐缩减，农村教育资源被抽空，这是理性在教育领域的进一步扩张。理性化带有形式合理而实质不合理的悖论特质。基础教育之理性化带来高效益的同时，也导致文化意识与价值观念越来越淡漠。目前，较为富强的中国社会也越发意识到，文化归宿之于中国人安身立命以及社会的可持续发展的价值所在。克服教育理性化阴影，在于文化的再植入。故而，面对教育理性化，亟待嵌入文化意识，须将本土文化嵌入基础教育之中以避免教育的无根性。

Light of Culture Illuminates the Shadow of China's Rationalization of Primary Education

As to traditional Primary education in China, students were mainly taught by private tutors and the texts were Four Books and Five classics. Since the end of the Qing dynasty, private education had been replaced by rational normal school which was the 1st victory of ration in the area of education. In recent 10 years, Primary education in the villages was focused to schools in the towns and above, primary schools were dismantled and amalgamated, rural junior schools get shrinking, resources in the villages were emptied which was the expansion of ration in the area of education. But rationalization is of formal ration, but is not necessarily of real ration. Rationalization leads to high efficiency, but it also results in decreasing of consciousness of culture and ideas of traditional values. At present, the richer and stronger Chinese society is aware that culture is the home to return to Chinese People and the settlement of the sustainable development of society value. Overcoming education rationalization shadow lies in the culture of the re-implanting. Therefore, facing the educational rationalization, people should be embedded with cultural awareness. And it is of great importance to embed local culture into Primary education which can prevent it from becoming rootless.