报刊史研究与报刊资料的史学利用

报刊资料是近代报刊业逐步发展的产物，是历史研究的重要材料。近代报刊史分为7个阶段：1815-1872年，1872-1915年，1915-1927年，1927-1949年，1949-1976年，1976-1995年，1995年至今；应该加强对近代以来的重点报刊的研究，对报纸的学术版以及学术刊物的研究，对报纸的生活版、娱乐版以及时尚类、休闲类、通俗类杂志的研究，对政府内部报刊、企事业报刊的研究，对文革期间的“红卫兵小报”或“文革小报”的收集、整理和研究。报刊资料具有记录内容的全面性、资料存量的丰富性以及新闻性、文献性等特点。利用报刊资料应该注意7个问题：对报刊史、过期报刊的收藏状况和检索方法应有一定了解；注意核实报刊上面发表的文献资料；对报刊上的新闻资料，注意遵循新闻学的某些规律来看待它的真实性；注意核实报刊发表的新闻资料，以免采用失实的新闻报道；在评估史料价值的时候，适当注意新闻的倾向性因素；注意字号、化名、笔名、网名的使用问题；注意互联网和网络资料的利用。

On the Historical Use of Newspapers Periodicals and the Studies on Newspaper and Periodical History

As the product of the development of modern journalism,newspapers and periodicals are important data for historical studies.The history of modern Chinese newspapers and periodicals is divided into seven stages: 1st stage,from 1815 to 1872,2nd stage,from 1872 to 1915,3rd stage,from 1915 to 1927,4th stage,1927 to 1949,5th stage,from 1949 to 1976,6th stage from 1976 to 1995,and 7th stage,from 1995 up to now.Studies of important modern newspapers and periodicals,of academic pages in newspapers and academic periodicals,of life and entertainment pages in newspapers and fashion,entertainment,and popular magazines,and of the internal newspapers and periodicals of governments and enterprises,and the collection,sorting and studies of the Red Guard newspapers and the Cultural Revolutionary newspapers published during the Cultural Revolution,should be strengthened for newspapers and periodicals are comprehensive in content,rich in data,and characterized by their news and literature.However,the following seven aspects should be paid special attention to in utilizing the data in newspapers and periodicals: 1st,certain knowledge of the history of newspapers and periodicals,the storage of back issues and index of those newspapers and periodicals;2nd,checking the data in newspapers and periodicals;3rd,treating the authenticity of the news according to the rules of journalism;4th,check the authenticity of the news in newspapers and periodicals to avoid false reports;5th,the intention in news report when assessing its historical value;6th,the use of the type of characters,pseudonym,penname,or netname;and 7th,the utilization of the Internet and online data.