中国"贫困人口城市化"的趋势与对策

在20世纪90年代以前,中国贫困人口主要居住于农村地区,贫困基本上是一种农村现象,城市贫困人口的比例微不足道。但随着政治经济体制转型和城市化快速发展,中国在农村贫困人口迅速降低的同时,城市贫困人口规模和比例迅速增长,出现"贫困人口城市化"现象。城市贫困人口面临更多的新风险,其空间分布模式也不同于农村贫困人口,对中国而言,这是一种新型的贫困和新的挑战。在减缓贫困的战略和政策上,中国需要有新的思维。新思维的重点是通过发展和完善正规与非正规的社会保障网络,增强城市贫困人口应对风险的能力,赋予贫困人口机会和权利,并促进贫困人口的参与,减少社会排斥。

Trends and Solutions of "Urbanization of Poverty" in China

Until 1990s,the poor in China mainly existed in rural areas,the poverty was really a rural phenomenon,and the ratio of urban poor was very low.However,with the transformation of economic and political structures and the rapid development of urbanization,"urbanization of poverty" phenomenon(the number of poor in rural area drops sharply while the scale and ratio of urban poverty increase rapidly) seems to appear in China.The urban poor encounter new and more risks and their location model are also different to their rural counterpart.Urban poverty is a new type of poverty and new challenge for China.China's policies and strategies need new thinking.The key of new thinking is to develop and improve the formal and informal social insurance networks,enhance the capability of the poor to cope with risks,promote opportunity and facilitate empowerment for the poor,promote anticipation,and reduce social exclusion.