《聊斋俚曲》中语气助词“啊”、“呀”的使用及其关系考察

在现代汉语研究中,一般认为语气助词＂呀＂是＂啊＂的语音变体,但在近代汉语中,＂呀＂却有着相对独立的语法地位,直到清代才被逐渐纳入语气助词＂啊＂音变的轨道。同时,从比况助词＂也似的＂到＂呀似的＂、＂那似的＂、＂哇似的＂的词形变化中可以发现,在汉语史上存在从＂呀→啊→呀、哇、哪……＂演变的语音链条,＂呀＂存在丢掉韵头音变为＂啊＂的语言事实,因此我们不排除＂呀＂为＂啊＂一个来源的可能。

The Usage of the Auxiliary Word of Modal"A " ,"Ya" in Liaozhailiqu and Some Remarks on the Relationship of "Ya" and "A"

In the research of modern Chinese,＂Ya＂is regarded as the allophone of ＂A＂.But in Song,Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasty,＂Ya＂was also an independent modal auxiliary word.Till the late period of Qing Dynasty,＂Ya＂ was gradually channelled into the allophonic track of ＂A＂.At the same time,we also found an allophonic chain：a→A→Wa,Na,Ya……from the forms of ＂Yeside＂,which changed into ＂Yaside＂,＂Naside＂,＂Waside＂ because of the pronunciation alteration.In this period,＂Ya＂ lost its head vowel and became into＂A＂,we don＇t rule out the possibility which ＂Ya＂ is one source of ＂A＂.