论汉语使役形式向被动形式的转化

现代汉语存在被动形式和使役形式使用一个语法标记的现象。通过对两者的完整形式"(S1)+P+S2+VP+(N)"结构发展过程的探讨,能够了解到这种结构可以表示使役和被动用法的原因。使役形式向被动形式的转化有三种途径,分别与致使义、忍让义、受事主语句有关。其中,致使义的产生是非常关键的,在明清时期产生了大量同时兼有致使义和被动义的用法,说明致使义是使役义向被动义转化的主要中转站。但致使义并不是必然会向被动义转化,唐宋时期"教"、"使"就有了大量的致使义,但是兼有被动义的用法却很少。明清时期才大量出现兼有两种含义,并且南北方使用上有明显的倾向性的不同,说明致使义产生被动义受地域的影响也是存在的,确实是受到元代蒙古语以及清代满语这两种阿尔泰语系语言的影响。

On the Reason Why the Causative Pattern Has Changed into the Passive Pattern in Chinese

This article discusses the development of "(S1 + P + S2 + VP +(N)" based on statistics.It also interprets the reason why the causative pattern has changed into the passive pattern.The causative pattern can change into the passive pattern by three ways.The causative meaning,tolerance meaning and prepositional sentences are related to the phenomena.But the causative meaning is the most important.There are a lot of sentences which have passive and causative meaning in the Ming and the Qing dynasties.It signifies the importance of causative meaning.The other changes cannot happen spontaneously.There are a lot of sentences which have causative meaning in the Tang and the Song dynasties,but these sentences have no passive meaning.The sentences which have passive and causative meaning in the Ming and the Qing dynasties is different between the novels which were written by southern writers and northern writers.It signifies the influence of Mongolian in the Yuan dynasty and Manchu in the Qing dynasty.