民事案由制度的检讨与重构

从案由制定时的确立标准以及它在实务中的运用看,案由与民事诉讼标的存在着若干关联。通过对案由意义的检讨,可以发现我国现行案由并不等同于诉讼标的,也就无法具备类似于诉讼标的之功能。之所以如此,是因为对案由确定的标准——法律关系的认知发生了偏差。传统民法理论认为,法律关系分为广义与狭义两种,这种分类法在不同的诉的形态中有划分审理的对象——诉讼标的之作用。诉讼标的可以用于确定是否重复起诉、既判力的客观范围,故有必要以诉讼标的理论为依据,调整案由制度。

On the Examination and Re-construction of the System of Cause of Action

From the criterion by which the cause of action is established and its applications in judicial practices,the cause of action has certain relationships with "Der Streitgegenstand".By examining the meaning of the cause of action,we discover that the system of cause of action currently adopted in China differs from "Der Streitgegenstand",and therefore it is incapable of the functions similar to those of "Der Streitgegenstand".The reason is the cognitive deviation of the legal relationship-the criterion by which the cause of action is established.Legal relationship can be understood in a broad sense and a narrow sense according to the traditional theory of civil law,and this division plays a role of differentiating subjects in a lawsuit,i.e.the role of "Der Streitgegenstand" in various sorts of action."Der Streitgegenstand" can be used to determine the suitability of a repeated suit and the objective scope of res judicata.This paper argues that it is imperative to re-construct our system of the cause of action according to "Der Streitgegenstand".