论《四库全书总目》的"元祐"批评观

无论是评人论学,还是品诗论文,<四库全书总目>素有简明扼要、持论公允之称.但对于宋代诗歌批评,喜用"元祐"做褒义评价.这种积极评价与文学史上的宋诗批评无直接联系,而是四库馆臣从政治偏向上做出的正向判断.这是由于元祐党人在北宋末年遭到残酷打击后,南宋以来"最爱元祐"的政治倾向影响所至.这对晚清同光体诗人标榜"元祐"为诗歌鼎盛的"三元"之一,无疑具有重要的导向意义.其实,"元祐"并不具备宋诗鼎盛的代表意义,今人沿袭这种说法,是值得重新思索的.

The "Yuanyou" View of Criticism of Sikuquanshuzongmu

In appraising people and academy or commenting on articles and poems,Sikuquanshuzongmu is regarded as concise and just.As for the criticism of the poems of Song Dynasty,it used"Yuanyou"commendatory appraisal that was not directly connected to the criticism of the poems of Song Dynasty,but to the active judge of political inclination because of the cruel attack suffered by "Yuanyou" Partisans in the Northern Song Dynasty.This had important influence on the poets of "Tongguangti"in Qing Dynasty who thought that "Yuanyou" was the great prosperity period of the poetry development.In fact,"Yuanyou"cannot represent the great prosperity of poetry in Song Dynasty.Modern people have followed this kind of statement,which is worth being reconsidered.