喷射钻井中井底岩面最大水功率和最大冲击力工作方式

本文首次把解决现代工程技术问题行之有效的“黑箱(blackbox)”理论用来研究井底射流流场。明一种新的全尺寸水力能量测试实验，直接测得三牙轮钻头下射流到达井底岩面(即钻进过程中钻头钻出的瞬时井底岩石表面)的水功率和冲击力。建立了计算井底水功率和冲击力的经验公式，提出了以井底岩面获得最大水功率和最大冲击力为喷射钻井水力程序设计准则的两种新的最优工作方式。本文在所实验的条件下，获得了井底岩面最大水力能量的功率分配比值(RN)和全喷距(135毫米)下射流水力能量衰减系数的范围等极值条件。在同样的条件下，以井底岩面最大水力能量优选的最优排量比钻头最大水力能量的最优排量约提高7.5%左右。并从理论和实践上证实了适当提高排量和强化机泵的必要性。

THE RESERVOIR TYPE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF METAMORPHIC AND VOLCANIC ROCK OF CHINA

There are a series of metamorphic and volcanic rock reservoir in China. They can be divided into four types that are basment rock weathering crust type, basement rock fracture belt type, volcanic rock eruption in sedimentary rock type and intrusive volcanic in sedimentary rock type. The characterizations ofthe metamorphic and volcanic rock are:①The reservoir is multi-type, but the basement rock weathering crust is principal type.②There are gas accumulation and gas cap oil accumulation, but the oil accumulation is principal.③The small scale of oil accumulation is principal, but there is the big scale sometimes.④The reservoir of volcanic rock is more multiple than metamorphic rock..⑤The production is very different. The production of some well is very high, but some production is low. The well of high production lies in near the fracture.⑥The effect of the water injection isn’t good. The water breakthrough of the well of high production is very fast and there isn’t water absorption of the well of low production.⑦The production decline of oil well and oilfield is very great.⑧The recovery isn’t high, they are 8%-15% or so, the principal recovery is 11%-13%.