谈话分析与常人方法论的质性研究

谈话分析是常人方法论的亚纲领之一,致力于发现日常谈话与机构性谈话中社会成员处理日常问题的基本方法和实践特征.谈话分析创建了独特的语料收集方法和分析技术,用实例揭示了不同机构场景中的话语特征,其微观的质性研究方法代表了当代社会研究“质的革命”的典型路径.文章探讨了谈话分析及其常人方法论渊源、谈话分析的研究特点和程序,并指出了谈话分析作为一种质性研究方法的方法论意义.

Conversation Analysis and Qualitative Research in Ethnomethodology

As a sub-programme of ethnomethodology,conversation analysis(CA) is dedicated to the findings of the principles,methods and maxims employed by the social members in everyday talk-in-interaction and institutional talks so as to explore the basic methods and features of practical activities they adopt.CA puts forth the unique data-collection methods,analytic techniques,research instances and the conversation features in different settings.This qualitative method from a micro perspective represents the typical orientation of "qualitative revolution" in modern social science.The present paper discusses CA and its ethnomethodological origin,the features and procedures of CA and the contributions of CA to qualitative analysis in sociology in order to help understand the methodological significance of CA as a qualitative method.