包公现象及其在通俗文学中的展现

构成包公现象的核心部分 ,是包拯将传统儒家人格理想人生化而形成的自身素质。北宋宽松的政治环境和他本人的君臣际遇及政治生涯 ,是这一核心部分得以展开的基础与条件。宋代吏治与监司制度的特殊性 ,又助长了包公现象的成熟。此现象投射到文学中 ,便在通俗文学上形成了一个开放性文学展现过程。其根因在于士人传统的清官政治理想 ,以及平民百姓崇尚清官品格的审美期待 ,包公现象的形成及在通俗文学上的展开 ,体现并印证了中国古代文学史发展中的某些特定规律。

The Phenomenon of Bao Zheng and Its Development in Popular Literature

Bao Zheng(999-1062)was an upright official in ancient China, and later on became a perfect model of uprightness and wisdom in China's popular literature and, consequently, a phenomenon in Chinese history. His achievement of eminence rested on a combination of many factors: his realization of Confucian ideals of life, tolerant atmosphere of his time, his good luck in meeting a wise emperor, preferential treatment of officials in the Song Dynasty, the efficient administrative, supervisory and judicial systems of the period, etc. On the other hand, writers in ancient China showered unceasing praises upon him in various literary forms, especially in fiction and drama, simply because the scholar officials at that time cherished an ideal of what an official should be like, and also because the common people bred an aesthetic consciousness of worshiping such upright officials and denouncing political corruption.As a result, whenever an official like Bao Zheng emerged, he would inspire the writers to produce a series of works in praise of him as a hero.(translated by Wang)