流坑董氏家族书院考略

书院是中国古代的一种独特的文化教育组织模式。流坑董氏家族书院始创于北宋大中祥符年间,鼎盛于两宋,衰落于元代,复兴于明清。千余年间,流坑先后创办了名为书院、书屋、精舍等各类学校40余所,培养出文武状元各1名、进士34名、举人200多名。流坑董氏家族书院教育的发展,主要特点有三:一是教育目标的两重性;二是教育经费来源多样性;三是师资来源的家族性。

The Investigation of the Ancient Academies of the Dong's Clan in Liukeng Village

Ancient academy is a special organization mode of culture and education in ancient China.The ancient academy of the Dong's clan in Liu Keng village has a history of more than a thousand years.It came into being in the years of the rule of Da-zhong xiang-fu(1008-1016) of the Northern Song Dynasty and thrived during the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties,with a decline in the Yuan Dynasty and revivals during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In its development,Dong's clan established more than forty academies of different kinds successively and trained two Number One Scholars,30 successful candidates in the imperial examinations at the highest level and more than 200 at the provincial level.Dong's academies have three main characteristics: 1) the purpose of education is both for the imperial civil examinations and for popular education;2) the education funds are from different sources;and 3) the teaching staff is from the Dong's clan.