交年节在汴京的创建及流传

北宋东京开封新兴了一个节日，即十二月二十四的交年节。作为正旦的前奏，该节有醉司命（祭灶）、诵经呪、照虚耗、扫屋宇等四大节事。其后流传至杭州等地，并有了“小节夜”“小年”的名称。交年节习俗沿袭一直到当代。其具体节事早在唐朝的长安就已盛行，只是时间上多在除夕。但宋代以后，各地均将交年节诸节事的源头追溯至宋代汴京，原因是交年节的规模效应，以及载体《东京梦华录》的名气效应。交年节是汴京文明的产物，丰富了传统节日文化，活跃了精神生活，强化了环境卫生观念，为中华文明增添了一个新元素。

Creation and Spreading of the Little NewYear Festival in Bianjing City

One new festival emerged out of the Eastern Capital, now known as Kaifeng City (also known as Bianjing City) during the North Song Dynasty: Little New Year, which is a festival on the December 24th of the lunar month. Little New Year is the prelude of Chinese New Year, where there are four brief customs including Kitchen God worshiping, chanting, driving out evil spirits, and house cleaning. After the Northern Song Dynasty, this festival had spread towards the Hangzhou area, having other names such as Little New Year Eve or Minor New Year passed on from generation to generation up until now. Although the customs had already been popular in the Tang Dynasty during New Year Eve as a festival, people still trace the origin of Little New Year back to Kaifeng City during the Song Dynasty due to the festival’s large scale effect on Kaifeng City and because of a famous book called The Eastern Capital: A Dream of Splendor, bringing popularity and reputation to the festival. The Little New Year Festival is a product of the Bianjing City civilization, enriching traditional festival culture and improving peoples spiritual life, strengthening the concept of environmental sanitation, and adding new elements to Chinese civilization.