区域贸易协定中劳动条款的晚近发展及启示

在区域贸易协定中纳入劳动条款的发展趋势已越来越显见，具体表现为：涉劳动条款的区域贸易协定在数量上不断攀升，缔约国家结构上更加多元，劳动条款内容上愈益丰富，“差异化”特征逐步显明。“强制型”模式和“友好型”模式是区域贸易协定中劳动条款发展的主要模式，各具特点。“强制型”模式下，劳动条款争端适用包含有强制性制裁措施的一般争端解决机制，并已付诸实践；“友好型”模式下，缔约方在劳动领域通过多种方式开展合作，劳动条款争端不适用一般争端解决机制，主要采取政府磋商和审查等“友好型”的解决办法。我国纳入劳动条款的区域贸易协定数量不多，尚处于发展的初级阶段。我国应转变观念，在未来区域贸易协定中更多地纳入劳动条款；制定更丰富的条款内容，强调差异化、合作性；警惕发达国家将劳动条款与贸易过度挂钩，防止以贸易制裁方法解决劳工问题。

The Recent Development of Labor Clauses in Regional Trade Agreements and Its Enlightenment

The trend of incorporating labor clauses into regional trade agreements has become more and more obvious,which is shown in the increasing number of regional trade agreements related to labor clauses,the diverse structure of contracted countries,the richer content of labor terms,and the gradual emergence of differentiation.The "compulsory" model and the "friendly" model are the main models for the development of labor clauses in regional trade agreements,each with their own characteristics.Under the "compulsory" model,the general dispute settlement mechanism including mandatory sanctions is applied to labor clause disputes,which has been put into practice;under the "friendly" model,the parties cooperate in the field of labor in a variety of ways,in which the general dispute settlement mechanism is not applied to labor clause disputes,but "friendly" solution such as government consultation and review is adopted instead.With a small number in China,regional trade agreements incorporated into labor terms are still in the primary stage ofdevelopment.In practice,we should change our concept to include more labor clauses in future regional trade agreements,formulating richer provisions,emphasizing differentiation and cooperation,guarding against the developed countries in excessively linking labor clauses to trade,and preventing the use of trade sanctions to solve labor problems.