论传统神正论的当代转换——从奥古斯丁的传统神正论到约纳斯的责任哲学

奥古斯丁是传统神正论的主要代表。他对原罪的哲学阐释,揭示出意志自由之于人的本体论意义。然而,这种神正论在启蒙运动中被颠覆,逐渐为理性主义与主体性原则取而代之。与此同时,康德的启蒙理性本身也遭遇了同时代人哈曼的批评。20世纪以来,一些拥有宗教背景、熟悉存在主义的哲学家开辟了一条现代性反思的新道路。他们坚持后现代视野,对传统神正论进行当代转换,并使之与现代性反思结合起来。汉斯·约纳斯的责任哲学就是把传统神正论和现代性反思结合起来进行创造性转换的积极成果。

On the contemporary transformation of traditional theodicy——from Augustine''''s traditional theodicy to the philosophy of responsibility in Hans Jonas

Augustine is one of the major representatives of traditional theodicy. His philosophical explanations of Original Sin revealed the Free Will's ontological significance to the human being. However, this theodicy was overturned by Enlightenment and was gradually replaced by rationalism and subjective principles. At the same time, Kant's reason itself was criticized by J.G. Hamann. Some philosophers who had religious background and were familiar with Existentialism developed a new reflective way of modernity. They asserted to transform the traditional theodicy in the Postmodernism sight and to combine it with modern reflection. Hans Jonas' philosophy of responsibility is a constructive result which realized a creative transformation by combining traditional theodicy with modern reflection.