论道家的"天人一体"观

“天人一体”的观念主要来自于道家。道家所理解的“天”有“外在之天”和“内在之天”两个层面的含义。“外在之天”指大自然，它具有客观必然性和不可战胜性，人在它面前只能陷入不可解脱的悲剧；“内在之天”指人的“天性”，这种“天性”源于大自然。因为人是大自然的产物，是大自然的一个组成部分，所以与大自然具有同一性。“天人一体”就是要求人们充分认识自我的“内在之天”，即认识自我与自然具有同一性，做到从精神上向自然回归，与“天”合一，从而化解同“外在之天”的矛盾，使自我从现实困境中解脱出来。这种观念贯彻在道家的整个思想体系之中，对后世也有深远的影响。

On the Taoist "Nature- man Integral Whole

The idea of "nature-man integral whole" primarily comes from the Taoism.The meaning of "nature" in Taoistm contains two levels-"the external nature" and "the internal nature"."The external nature" means the universe.It is objective and inevitable and unconquerable.Whoever faces it can not extricate himself from tragedy; "The internal nature" means people's "disposition", which is derived from the universe.Because mankind is the universe's creature and constituent, so it has identity with the universe. The idea of "nature-man integral whole"is to request people to realize the ego's "internal nature" adequately.Namely,to realize that the ego and nature has identity,and try to return to nature in spirit.Thereby to dissolve the contradiction with "the external nature" and make the ego set free from the realistic predicament.The idea goes through the whole system of thought in Taoism and has a far-reaching influence on the future generations.