试析康德“美的分析”四命题的独创性

康德认为“审美”既不涉及概念,也不涉及任何法规,而是主观的行为。“审美”不涉利害,“美感”和“一般快感”以及“完善”不同之处,在于“美感”绝不涉及主体的欲望或需要。在此基础上,康德进而提出“审美”不经概念而具普遍性,“美”是在人类具有“共同感受力”的基础上“普遍可传达”的一种感受。同时,“审美”应该无目的而符合目的性,并具有不依赖概念的必然性。康德还通过对“纯粹美”和“依存美”的定义和比较,进一步开展对“理想美”的探求。

Creativity in the Four Propositions of Kant's Analysis of Beauty

In his analysis of aesthetic judgment, Kant holds that a judgment of taste does not involve any concept or rule and was presented only as subjective, and that it is devoid of any interest or desire. On this basis Kant declares that the beautiful is what is presented without concepts as the object of a universal liking. He furthers his argument by proposing that a judgment of taste is based on nothing but the form of purposefulness of an object and that the condition for the necessity alleged by a judgment of taste is the idea of common sense. By comparing, distinguishing and defining free beauty and accessory beauty, Kant tries to nail down a precise definition and clear classification of ideal beauty.