收费公路运营效率测度及时空分异研究

收费公路行业内部债务治理与外部减税降费均要求收费公路运营降本增效。为了探析收费公路运营效率水平及其空间分布格局,使用SBM模型测度了2014—2020年29个省份收费公路运营效率,进而采用泰尔指数和Moran's I指数分析了其时空分异特征。研究认为:收费公路运营存在着效率较低且在时间维度上没有明显增长的趋势,在空间上存在发展不平衡问题,收费公路运营效率的区域差异主要来源于区域内部差异,区域内差异的贡献率平均达到81.578%; 收费公路运营效率具有空间正相关性,呈现出显著的“高-高”集聚和“低-低”集聚的空间特征,运营效率较高的省份对相邻省份具有正向溢出效应。研究表明,各省针对相邻省份或最近省份的运营效率现状,结合自身的比较优势探索产业升级或者物流发展模式,充分发挥相邻省份的经济发展和产业集聚对本省收费公路运营的辐射带动作用,推动建立起收费公路跨区域合作运营机制。

Research on operation efficiency measurement and temporal and spatial differentiation of toll roads

Both internal debt management and external tax and fee reduction require to reduce the operation cost and improve the operation efficiency in toll roads. In order to explore the operation efficiency level and the spatial distribution pattern of toll roads, the SBM model was used to measure the operation efficiency of toll roads in 29 provinces in China from 2014 to 2020, and then the Theil index and Moran's I index were used to analyze the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics. The results show that: the operation efficiency of toll roads was low, and there was no obvious growth trend in the time dimension; there was a problem of unbalanced development in space, and the regional differences in the operation efficiency of toll roads mainly come from intra-regional differences, and the contribution of intra-regional differences reached 81.578% on average; the operation efficiency of toll roads had a positive spatial correlation, showing significant spatial characteristics of “high-high” agglomeration and “low-low” agglomeration. Provinces with higher operation efficiency have positive spillover effects on neighboring provinces. In terms of the status quo of operation efficiency of neighboring or nearest provinces, all provinces should explore industrial upgrading or logistics development mode in combination with their own comparative advantages, give full play to the radiation and driving effect of economic development and industrial agglomeration of neighboring provinces on the operation of toll roads in their own province, and promote the establishment of a cross-regional cooperative operation mechanism of toll roads.