美国《国家生物工程食品信息披露标准(实施细则)》制定中公众参与的经验及启示

公众有效参与立法活动能够促进立法的民主性,提高法律规则的可实施性。2018年12月,美国《国家生物工程食品信息披露标准(实施细则)》公布于世。除具体条文外,另有详尽的公众参与制定该规则的全过程记录同时发布。通过对美国公众参与立法的全阶段进行分析发现,其公众参与立法程序较为完善且公众参与性强。结合我国公众参与立法的现状,提出引入“立法预先公告”程序,扩大公众参与主体范围、增加公众参与立法的途径、适当延长公众评议时间、完善公众评议反馈制度、进行充分的立法信息公开等具体建议,切实保证公众在参与立法过程中获得现实参与感,以促进立法民主化、科学化,为我国法治国家建设助力。

Experience and Enlightenment of Public Participation in the Formulation of the National Bio-engineered Food Disclosure Standard(Regulations)

Effective public participation in legislative activities can promote the democracy of legislation and improve the feasibility of legal rules.In December 2018,the US National Bioengineered Food Disclosure Standard was published in the Federal Register.In addition to the specific provisions,there are detailed records of public participation in the formulation of the rules.The analysis of the whole stage of the US public participation in legislation reveals that the public participation in the legislative process is relatively complete and strong.Considering the current situation of public participation in legislation in China,this paper proposes to introduce“notice of proposed rule making”program,expand the entity scope of public participation,increase the ways for public participation in legislation,extend the time span for public to make judgement and comments,perfect the feedback system of public comment and disclose the legislative information fully so as to ensure the public’s sense of gain in participation of the process of legislation,promote democratic and scientific legislation and help to build the legal system in China.