汉代封事的内容及其运作

＂章表奏议,经国之枢机＂。文书形态和运作机制的变迁,是了解中国古代政治制度成长性变革的一个重要切入点。封事是一种直达御前、＂不使人知＂的机密文书,其内容涉及外戚关系、皇帝得失、国家政治和大汉安危等社会政治生活的各个方面。与普通章奏相比,封事的传递、运转过程绕过了尚书台的拆封和审阅处理,直达皇帝,由皇帝亲自批阅,传递过程简单、直接,中间只有少数几个人员和机构参与封事的传递,略去了审阅和处理环节。

The content and operation of secret memorial in the Han Dynasty

"Memorial is of great importance in governing a country." The changes in form and operating systems in memorial are one of the most important keys to understanding the reform of ancient Chinese political system.The secret memorial was a kind of confidential document,which was presented directly to the emperor and read personally.Its content covered the wife’s family relations,the emperor’s gains and losses,the country’s political and national security.Compared with ordinary memorial,by skipping over the unfolding and reviewing of the Imperial Secretariat,the secret memorials were directly presented to the emperor and were marked by the emperor himself.The transfer process is simple,direct and only a few people and institutions are involved in the delivery.