夫妻教育匹配对男性平等分担家务的影响

利用2000年和2010年中国妇女社会地位调查数据,考察了21世纪最初十年间中国婚姻家庭的家务分工特征及其变化,着重检验了夫妻教育匹配对家务分工平等化的影响.研究发现,夫妻平等分担家务的现象近年来呈缓慢的上升趋势,2010年全国接近两成的已婚夫妇相对平等地分担家务.夫高妻低的教育匹配模式不利于推动家务分工平等化以及改变"女主内"的分工模式;与之相对,夫妻教育相同和夫低妻高的教育匹配模式在不同程度上推动着男性平等分担家务.文章认为,夫妻平等分担家务代表了现代社会经济和性别平等文化背景下家务分工演变的方向.实现这一转变,女性自身教育水平的相对提高以及教育匹配现象的演化扮演着极为重要的角色;而营造良好的社会舆论环境与完善社会服务体系,则是家务分工平等化的重要社会保障.

The Impacts of Educational Assortative Mating on Men's Equal Participation in Housework

Using data from Survey on the Status of Chinese Women conducted in 2000 and 2010, this paper examines the phenomenon of men's participation in housework in China.The results show that China is witnessing an important, albeit slow, trend of equalizing division of household work between couples.In 2010, twenty percent of the couples aged 18 to 64 shared their housework relatively equally.Educationally homogamous marriage are more favorable in promoting equal division of housework between couples, compared with the traditional hypergamous marriage.Moreover, the newly-emerging marital pattern with women marrying downward in educational gradient also promotes men's equal participation in housework significantly.This study concludes that an equal division of housework signifies the direction for future development of domestic division of labor.Rapid advances of female education and evolving nature of assortative mating are the most effective forces driving the equalization process.Nevertheless, it is also important to equip the society with more friendly social services as to facilitate the process.