慈善行为的经济分析

本文从经济学角度考察了慈善行为最大化的问题。在进行简单的学术回顾之后,给出了慈善行为的操作性定义,讨论了慈善行为产生的三个基本条件。在经济分析中,首先,解释了为什么经济分析的单位是个人,说明了经济分析的内容,指出了经济分析所遇到的挑战;接着,详尽地讨论了采取转移财富的方法不能增加社会总福利的原因;最后,分析了怎样使慈善行为最大化,并提出了五条对策,即鼓励个人致富、使捐献主体的效用最大化、降低个人所得税税率、改善慈善基金的运作和政府应尽量退出慈善市场。 

Economic Analysis of Charity

This article deals mainly the maximization of charity behavior in the view of economics. After a short review of the field,it covers a workable definition of charity behavior and a discussion of the three basic conditions based on which charity behavior produces. In the economic analysis.it first explains why the economic anlysis unit is a single person, the content of economic analysis,and points the challenge that economic analysis faces; then, in detail discusses why the method of wealth shift can not add value to the whole social benefits;finally,analyses how to maximize the charity behavior,and puts forward five suggestions, efficiency maximization of personal donation, reducement of personal income tax rate, improvement of efficiency of charity fund and no interferece in charity market from govenment.