电子商务平台服务合同免责条款的法律规制——基于文本与案例的实证研究

嵌入在冗长的平台服务合同中的免责条款难以引起用户足够的注意。采取免责条款的方式分散、降低和固化自己的法律责任风险,不仅是平台作为市场主体的本能驱使,亦是平台治理创新的需要。司法对免责条款效力的审查保持了足够的谦抑性,在不违反法律行政法规强制性规定的前提下充分尊重平台自治。但司法实践也表明,由于平台角色和功能的变迁,仅仅依靠民事法律规范已经不能满足现实需求,应当在坚持公平的基础上兼顾效率。除民商事法律规范外,竞争法可转介为免责条款效力的审查依据,可将消费性免责条款与商业性免责条款以及实体性责任免责条款与程序性责任免责条款进行分类规制,细化提示义务审查标准并借鉴“黑名单”“灰名单”制度。

Legal Regulation of Exemption Clause in Service Contract of E-commerce Platform: Empirical Research Based on Texts and Cases

Disclaimers embedded in lengthy platform service contracts rarely attract enough attention from users. Adopting exemption clauses to disperse, reduce and solidify their own legal liability risks is not only the instinctive drive of the platform as a market subject, but also the need of platform governance innovation. The judicial review of the validity of the disclaimer clause is modest enough, and the platform autonomy is fully respected on the premise of not violating the mandatory provisions of laws and administrative regulations. However, judicial practice also shows that, due to the changes of the role and function of the platform, only relying on civil legal norms cannot meet the real needs. Efficiency should be taken into account on the basis of fairness. In addition to civil and commercial legal norms, competition law can be referred to as the review basis for the validity of exemption clauses. The consumptive exemption clauses, commercial exemption clauses, substantive liability exemption clauses and procedural liability exemption clauses can be classified to regulate, refine the review standard of prompt obligation and refer to the system of "blacklist" and "grey list".