欧美儿童照顾社会政策的发展及借鉴

20世纪70年代以来,儿童照顾问题在西方社会由个体家庭责任演变为普遍的社会需求,被置于国家、市场和家庭关系的政治话语中。面对新的儿童照顾安排需求,欧美国家发展出亲职假、公共儿童照顾服务和经济支持三种途径来重新分配儿童照顾的任务、成本和责任。儿童照顾政策不仅影响妇女的劳动力参与,还与儿童的福利水平高低密切相关。确立照顾权利是公民社会权利的重要组成部分,建构一个由国家、市场、志愿组织和家庭共同提供的"混合照顾"体系,改变照顾工作在家庭内部不平等的性别分工以及把儿童照顾政策作为解决其他社会问题的政策工具都是值得中国借鉴的经验。

The Development and Reference of Childcare Policy in Europe and United States

Since the 1970s, providing childcare has been from a private matter to a public need, which was nested inside political discourse about the relations of state, market and family. Facing the new child care arrangement demand, European and American countries develop parental leaves, public childcare services, and economic support to redistribute the tasks, cost and responsibility of child care. Child care policy not only affects women＇s labor force participation, but also closely relates with children＇s welfare level. Establishment of care rights is an important part of civil society right. Constructing a ＂mixed care＂ system provided by state, market, voluntary organizations and families, changing the unequal gender division of labor within the household care work, and taking the child care policy as a solution to other social problems of policy tools are worth China experience.