转型期农村教育社会分层功能弱化的制度性因素

学校教育制度应该促进农村学生的向上社会流动,然而在我国社会转型过程中的教育制度以城市教育为中心,优先发展城市教育,以"市场能力"和学业成绩作为学校选拔规则,以及重点学校制度对农村学生获得高一级教育机会的制约,导致了对农村学生的"教育排斥"。教育制度的城市化、市场化、精英化取向是转型期农村教育社会分层功能弱化的制度性原因。将现阶段农村教育主要功能定位于促进农村学生城市化和社会地位升迁,确立教育制度的正义原则,实现对农村学生的"差异补偿"是解决这一问题的主要思路。

The Institutional Factors of the Weakening of Social Stratification Function of Rural Education during the Transitional Period

Abstruct： The school education system should promote the rural student＇s upward social mobility. However, in reality the educational system centers on the urban education, and gives priority to the development of urban education. It＇s the ＂market ability＂ and academic achievement that are considered as the school selection rules. The key school system restricts access to high-level educational opportunities, as well as leading to rural students＇ ＂educational exclusion＂. Education system＇s urbanization, marketization and elite orientation are the institutional reasons weakening the rural education system of social stratification. Positioning the main function of rural education on promoting rural students＇ urbanization and improving their social status, establishing the educational system justice principle, realizing the implementation of ＂difference compensation＂ for rural students are the main trains to solve the problem. Key words： Rural Education; Educational Social Stratification Function; System