实用逻辑的新领域

本文区分了两种逻辑观：语言的逻辑观和智能体逻辑观，前者把逻辑看作一种关于论证（argument）的理论，而论证是一种语言结构，逻辑研究论证的结构特性；后者把逻辑看作一种关于推理（reasoning）的理论，一种关于思考者做了什么以及在他身上发生了什么的理论。实用逻辑是一种关于实践的智能体做了什么以及反思了什么的理论，它将大大地突破演绎逻辑的范围，去研究许多新的课题。

Frontiers of Practical Logic

There are two generic ways of conceiving of logic, that is, the linguistic conception of logic and the agency conception of logic. The first sees logic as a set of properties defined for languages, and is focused upon a restricted class of propositional relations such as logical consequence. The other sees logic as set of properties ascribed to agents. On the agency view, logic is a theory of reasoning, a theory of what thinkers do and have happen to them. Correspondingly, which will be beyond the range of a practical logic is a theory of what practical agents think and reflect upon, deductive logic, and investigates many new topics.