中国古代长篇小说中女性之群体悲剧及其审美特征

中国古代某些长篇小说中,女性悲剧呈现出群体性的特征。《红楼梦》主要塑造了青年女性的群体悲剧,充分表现出对青年女性的普遍同情与普遍崇尚;《水浒传》在祸水观念下展现了女性祸人祸己的群体悲剧;《金瓶梅》展现了女性群体在性追求与物质追求下的本我膨胀与自我迷失;《醒世姻缘传》则揭示出悍妇群体表面的强悍与本质的弱势。这些女性群体悲剧的审美特征表现为:群体悲剧中的悲剧人物必定具有群体性,而其生命力又在于个体悲剧的互补;群体悲剧的审美价值来自个体悲剧的叠加,又必定超越这种叠加;伦理社会是群体悲剧的土壤,群体悲剧必然导致对伦理观念的反思。

Tragedies of women and their aesthetic features in Chinese classical novels

In some Chinese classical novels, the tragedies of women tend to be collective, that is, the tragedies are for a group of females. In A Dream of Red Mansion, the tragedy occurred to a group of young women who were created by the writer with deep sympathy. In the Water Margin the tragedy suffered by those females came from their hurt to some men which in turn brought harm to themselves. In Jin Ping Mei the causes of the tragedy of a group of females were their material desires and sexual desires. In XingShi YinYuan Zhuan the tragedy lies in the weak inner mind though strong outlook of those females. The aesthetic features of these tragedies are, they are tragedies not for one but for a group of females, and each individual's tragedy makes a complement to others'. The value of the collective tragedy is based on the addition of all the indiviual ones, but is richer than the addition necessarily; Ethical society is the soil for collective tradedy. But the collective tradedy will lead to the reflection about the ethics.