古代德行伦理与早期儒家伦理学的特点--兼论孔子与亚里士多德伦理学的异同

前孔子的春秋时代的道德思想属于“德性的时代” ,德目表很多 ,德性体系是大家关注的对象。而孔子的思想则强调君子的整体人格 ,德性伦理只是孔子道德思想和人生哲学的一部分。孔子伦理学虽然包含了承继传统而来的德行论面向 ,但其整个思想已经超越了德性伦理的形态。孔子与春秋以及前人最大的不同之处 ,是孔子特别突出“仁”这一德。对于孔子 ,“仁”不只是“德” ,而且也是“道” ,就是说 ,仁不仅是德性 ,而且是原则。由金律和忠恕一贯之道来看 ,孔子的伦理思想不能全部归结为“德性伦理”(virtueethics) ,孔子所说的一以贯之的“道”不是那些单方面的德性 ,而是社会道德生活的根本原则和定律。

Ancient Virtues and Ethics and the Properties of the Early Ethics of Confucianism--the differences between Confucius and Aristotle in Ethics

The Spring and Autumn Period when Confucius lived is an age of stressing virtues. Virtues were the focus of all people. However Confucius thought focused on gentlemen, and virtues and life were only part of his theory. It can be said that Confucius thought is more than virtues and ethics. The greatest difference of Confucius thought from his former scholars is Kindness. Kindness is not only virtues but also Taoism, not only ethics but also principles. From the whole theory of Confucius, we can say that Confucius thought is not only virtue ethics but also the basic principles and rules of social virtues and life.