商法语境下公平交易的经济学分析

在商法的定义中，公平交易是发生在商主体之间，以营利为目的的交易行为。维护公平交易保护了交易主体利益和市场经济秩序良好运行。但是在实践中，由于交易主体追求利益最大化、交易双方地位不平等、信息不对称等原因，公平交易的实现困难重重，阻碍市场经济健康发展。本文运用经济学的分析方法，采用交易的帕累托最优理论的基本原理，以埃奇沃斯交换盒为工具建立模型，运用经济学的数理化方法研究交易的公平性，综合系统地分析如何达到公平交易。通过对交易双方不同博弈的情况分析，只有交易达到帕累托最优状态，形成市场均衡，且利益分配相等，这样的交易可以称之为公平交易。最后，在分析的基础上提出对形成公平交易的市场秩序的几点建议和对策。

Economic Analysis of Fair Trade in the Context of Commercial Law

In the definition of commercial law, fair trade subjects. It protects the interests of transaction subjects and is a profit seeking trading practice between transaction maintains the order of market economy. In practice, however, the trade subjects＇ profit-maximizing, unequal position of the transaction parties, information asymmetry and other reasons lead to the difficulties in achieving fair trade and developing market economy. With the theory of pure Pareto optimal criterion exchange as a framework, and Eich Voss exchange box as a tool for modeling, this paper analyzes the methods to make trade fair in a comprehensive and systematic way. Through analyzing situations of the game between transaction parties, we find that only when the trade gets Pareto optimal criterion exchange and transaction parties have same profits, can this trade be called fair trade. At last, according to the a nalysis, the paper provides detailed suggestions.