新中国农地制度的变迁分析与启示

基于分配冲突视角下的新制度变迁理论以及产权结构-行为选择-经济绩效分析框架,对新中国农地制度变迁的过程及其对经济绩效的影响进行分析,从历史经验的反思中得到如下对深化我国农地制度改革方向、方式有益的启示:其一,农地制度始终是影响我国农业经济绩效的核心因素,其中由农地产权决定的农业剩余分配问题是构建科学合理农地制度的核心;其二,国家须适当参与农业剩余分配,落实农民应有土地财产权益;其三,农地制度改革的价值目标需做次优选择,最大程度地释放提升资源分配效率的制度潜力;其四,控制制度变革的摩擦成本,引导农民内生的制度变革需求和认知选择。

Analysis and Inspiration of the Change of New China Rural Land System

This article is based on theory of new systematic change against distributional conflicting perspective and property structure-action choice-economic performance framework, analyzes the pro?cess of new China rural land system change and its influence on economic performance and gets the following inspiration on direction and way of the promotion of rural land systematic reform from his?torical reflection: firstly, rural land system is always the core of the influence on our rural economic performance and rural surplus distribution issue determined by rural land ownership is the core to construct scientific rural land system; secondly, state should properly participate into the rural sur?plus distribution and make sure of the benefit from the right of land property of the farmers; thirdly, the value aim of rural land systematic reform should choose the second best so as to optimize the systematic potential of resource distributional efficiency; fourthly, the fricative cost should be con?trolled so as to lead farmers to the innate systematic reform need and cognitive choice.