论量刑事实的证明责任

刑事证明责任内涵应当包含“评价要素”,对于特定事实,证明责任承担者所举证据仅需要达到说服法官相信事实可能成立之程度。分配证明责任应当遵循证据所持、证据距离与诉讼效率等原则。我国刑事诉讼法未将量刑事实的证明责任进行区别对待,对公诉机关和法院的证明责任规定也不尽合理,更未规定证明责任转移规则。为最大程度实现量刑公正,应尝试对我国量刑事实的证明责任进行体系性完善,合理规定控方、被告人与被害人的证明责任,对立功、认罪认罚等量刑事实创设证明责任转移规则。

On the Burden of Proof of Sentencing Facts

The connotation of criminal burden of proof should include"evaluation elements".For specific facts,the evidence presented by the burden of proof only needs to reach the degree of convincing the judge that the facts are possible.The allocation of burden of proof should follow the principles of evidence holding,evidence distance and litigation efficiency.China's criminal procedure law does not discriminate between the burden of proof of sentencing facts,and the burden of proof of public prosecution organs and courts is not reasonable,not to mention the transfer of burden of proof rules.In order to realize the sentencing justice to the greatest extent,we should try to improve the burden of proof of the sentencing facts in China,reasonably stipulate the burden of proof of the prosecution,the defendant and the victim,and establish the burden of proof transfer rules for the sentencing facts such as meritorious service,confession and punishment.