中国棉花科技未来发展战略构想

中国棉花生产由于受耕地面积减少、粮食安全和粮棉比价等因素影响,棉花种植面积不可能大幅度增长,唯一的途径是加强科技创新,提高棉花生产的科技水平和单产水平,从而增加棉花的总产量。因此,如何使国家棉花的产量与质量、生产效益和机械化同步协调发展,取得重大突破,将是棉花生产健康发展亟待解决的重大课题。中国棉花科技发展成就是科技创新体系初步形成,科技队伍凝聚力不断增强,推动棉花生产作用明显。中国棉花科技发展存在棉花纤维品质类型单一,优质棉花资源材料缺乏,品种选育没有重大突破,棉花病虫害危害加重,优良外源基因不足,转基因技术有待完善等问题。中国棉花科技发展战略定位要以发展农业科技体系为基点,瞄准棉花科技国际前沿,开展国家棉花产业各项研究,为棉花生产安全提供保障。总体目标是全面增强棉花科技自主创新能力,显著提升国际竞争力。中国棉花优先研究领域是种质资源收集、整理与挖掘利用和新品种培育,棉花新材料创造生物技术、病虫害防治技术和高产栽培技术,以及棉花产业深加工与综合利用。棉花产业关键技术是逐步推进植棉全程机械化和盐碱地植棉,稳定发展杂交棉。中国棉花产业发展应该加强宏观研究,加强学科建设;加快科技创新,改善科研条件;加强国际合作,培育重大成果,最终构建国家棉花产业技术体系。

On the Future Chinese Cotton Technological Development Strategy

Such factors as the increasing reduction of the arable land area,grain security and grain price,etc.have made it impossible to substantially increase the cultivated area for cotton in China.The only way out is to strengthen the technological innovation of cotton production,improve the technology of the current cotton production,moderately stabilize the current cultivated area for cotton,increase per unit area yield and thus raise the total yield.The success of the Chinese cotton technological development lies in technological innovation system having taken shape,the cohesion of technological teams strengthening ceaselessly and thus the cotton production being obviously promoted.Yet,its failures lie in the facts that the cotton fiber is single in both quality and variety;the high-quality cotton resource materials are short of supplies;no major breakthrough has been made in cotton variety development by selection;various plant diseases and insect pests are increasingly aggravating;excellent exogenous genes are insufficient;and the cotton transgenic technology is far from perfection.Positioning the Chinese cotton technological development strategy should rest on the basis of developing the agricultural technological system,aim at the international forefront of cotton technology,carry out state-class researches related to cotton industry and provide security for cotton production.The overall goal is to enhance the capability of independent innovation of cotton technology and significantly improve our internationally competitive capacity.The priorities of the Chinese cotton research include: the germ plasma resources collection,reorganization and exploitation;the cultivation of new varieties;the bio-technology for creation of cotton new materials;the pest control technology and high-yield planting technology;and the cotton deep processing and comprehensive utilization as well.The technological key to cotton industry is gradually move forward the cotton-planting mechanization in the whole course,plant cotton in saline land and stably develop hybrid cotton.In order to develop the Chinese cotton industry it is suggested that both the macroscopic research on cotton industry and the construction of discipline be strengthened;the pace of technological innovation quickened;the research condition improved;the international cooperation promoted;every effort made to make major achievements;and,finally,a mature technological system of the national cotton industry constructed.