后现代视野中的世界文学

近年来,比较文学界经常把世界文学作为学科概念使用,甚至把它作为比较文学研究的目标。但是,世界文学的概念并不被法国学派所推重。世界文学在比较文学中地位的提升得益于美国学派的崛起,因为美国学派倡导的文学性、总体文学、共同诗学研究与世界文学有内在的共通性。但是,歌德只是把世界文学作为达到民族和睦的一个手段,马克思的世界文学则指范围更大的文化产品。在后现代理论的观照下,美国学派的学科理念包含了本质主义和西方中心主义的因素。因此,比较文学研究应从共通性转向差异性。

World Literature in the Perspective of the Postmodern Theory

In recent years,world literature not only was used as the study concept frequently in the field of comparative literature,but also was regarded as the research objective of comparative literature.But French School did not hold in esteem the concept of world literature.The rising of the American School promotes the advancement of world literature in comparative literature,because there is internal commonness in world literature and literariness,general literature,common poetics put forward by the American School.But Goethe's world literature is only an approach for national harmoniousness,and Marx's world literature means more culture production.In the perspective of postmodern theory,the study concept of the American school contains some factors of essentialism and west-centralism.So the comparative literature research should turn from commonness to difference.