美国职务发明制度演进及其对我国的启示

随着生产效率提高和经济发展,美国职务发明专利权经历了由个人的自然人身权利转为基于契约关系的法人财产权的演进。这既是生产力发展的必然结果,同时也说明职务发明制度只有与经济发展和创新形式相适应,才可能对创新形成正向的激励作用。因此,我国职务发明相关法规应当紧密地与本国科技发展水平、经济发展水平和企业制度保持协调,积极保护我国目前创新的主要决定性因素,明确发明者作为创意产生的主体地位,成为促进产业技术水平提高的有力制度保障。

Evolution of the U.S.Service Invention System and Implications for China

With the increase of production efficiency and economic development,the U.S.service invention system experienced an evolution from the natural right of individuals to corporate property based on contractual relationship.This inevitable result of the development of productive forces shows that this system can serve as a positive incentive for innovation only when it is compatible with innovation and economic development.Therefore,our service invention laws and regulations should be well coordinated with the level of technological development,economic development and enterprise system,in order to protect the main determinants of innovation and recognize the dominant position of the inventor.Thus the system can safeguard the upgrading of industrial technology.