从“用频”的角度看现代汉语中的“无标志词/有标志词”与“尊/卑”文化的关系

现代汉语中,词的“无标志/有标志”性与词背后“尊/卑”文化有着很强的对应关系.然而,这种对应关系也存在着不少问题,例如“父/祖父/曾祖父”等反例,必须注意特定的“语言使用者”这一限制性条件.从“用频”的角度出发可以进一步解释“无标志/有标志”性与词背后“尊/卑”文化的具体对应关系.对“司令/总司令”和“保姆/男保姆”这两组例子的分析,可以揭示运用这种对应关系在实际应用过程中的一些重要问题.

Viewing the Relationship between the Markedness of Words and Chinese Traditional Hierarchies Culture In Modern Chinese Language through ＂Frequency＂

In modem Chinese language, the Markedness has a lot to do with the culture of the Chinese tradi- tional hierarchies. However, great attentions should be paid to the ＂language user＂, taking the example “父/祖父/曾祖父”into considerations. The relation between the Makedness and the culture of the Chinese traditional hierarchies could be explained further by the opinion of ＂frequency＂. Taking the examples“司令/总司令” and “保姆/男保姆”into considerations, the applications of the Markedness in our daily life could be enlightened.