海洋油污损害之救济机制的解构与重构

海洋油污损害的类型化是完善海洋油污损害之救济机制的基础和前提。海上石油勘探平台与船舶溢油所致海洋油污损害是两种不同的救济体系与机制,而将海上钻井平台解释为海商法意义上的"船舶",是整合两种救济机制的可能性途径。基于海洋油污损害之不同进路救济机制的诠释,应构架"国家责任中心"主义下海洋油污损害之救济机制,提升国家责任的根源性手段和功能,明确海洋油污损害之国家索赔主体资格、国家赔偿责任以及阶梯矿产资源税费的准入制度,使之成为海洋油污损害救济机制重构进程中的重要因子。

Deconstruction and Reconstruction on Relief Mechanism of Marine Oil Pollution

It is well proved that the categorization of marine oil pollution is the foundation and precondition for the establishment of the relief mechanism.The relief system dealing with the marine oil pollution caused by oil exploration is different from that caused by vessel accidents.One of the possible approaches of the integration of those two mechanisms is to interpret drilling platforms as “ships”under maritime law.Base on the explanation of different approaches to cope with marine oil pollution,China must build the relief mechanism of marine oil pollution under state centralism,enhance the root measures and functions of state responsibility,clarify state’s claimant of marine oil pollution,state compensation liability and the multi-level admittance system of mineral resource,making it an important element of relief mechanism of marine oil pollution in its reconstruction.