中国城市居民劳动供给行为特征

经过40多年的改革开放和计划生育政策实施,我国城市居民家庭规模、家庭财富、受教育程度等影响劳动供给行为的因素均发生了巨大变化。这种变化对就业政策的制定和相关福利政策的实施都有较大影响。运用来自29个省市6675个城市家庭、8771个居民的调查数据对我国城市居民劳动供给行为进行了研究。结果表明:我国城市居民劳动供给曲线整体上呈现向右上方倾斜的特征,随着工资上涨,劳动者工作时间随之增长,但是工资弹性仅有0.52,处于缺乏弹性的区间;分类型看,女性、户主、受教育程度较低者工资弹性较大,对工资变动更加敏感;女性、户主、受教育程度较高者收入弹性更大,对收入变动更加敏感;分年龄阶段看,18—30岁的新生代劳动力工作时间受工资和非工资收入影响均不显著,31—45岁的劳动力比45岁以上劳动力工资弹性和收入弹性更高,对工资和非工资收入更加敏感。本文的研究结果对细化实施就业政策和制定相关福利政策具有一定启示作用。

Research on the Characteristic of Labor Supply Behavior of Chinese Urban Residents

After 40 years of reform and opening-up and the implementation of the family planning policy,the scale of urban households,family wealth and factors affecting labor supply behavior,such as education level,have undergone tremendous changes.This change has a great impact on the formulation of employment policies and the implementation of relevant welfare policies.This paper uses the survey data from 6675 urban households and 8771 residents in 29 provinces and cities to study the labor supply behavior of urban residents in China.The results show that:1)The overall urban labor supply curve of China’s urban residents is skewed to the upper right.With the rise in wages,the working time of the workers increases accordingly,but the wage elasticity is only 0.52,which is in the inelastic range.2)According to different types,women,householders and those with low education degree have greater salary flexibility and are more sensitive to wage changes;Women,householders and those with higher education levels had greater income flexibility and were more sensitive to income changes.3)In terms of age,the working time of the new generation of labor force aged 18-30 is not significantly affected by both wage and non-wage income.The labor force aged 31-45 has higher wage elasticity and income elasticity than the labor force aged over 45,and is more sensitive to wage and non-wage income.This paper has some implications for the detailed implementation of employment policies and the formulation of relevant welfare policies.