口头知识的不确定性——以土城老人讲述的红色故事为例

民俗学把田野调查奉为圭臬,为了强调田野调查的神圣性,往往把来自田野的口头知识设定为"属于民众自己的""‘鲜活的""富于生命力的"文化传统,因而也就预设了口头知识不受质疑的免检特权.可是,我们在土城的田野调查显示,几乎所有的口头知识都是不确定的.因此,口头知识难以作为我们了解确定性知识的推论依据.我们从口口相传的田野中看不到红军长征的真实面貌,只看到了不断变异的红色故事,看到了人们的口头传统.

The Uncertainty of Oral Tradition:On the Red Stories Narrated by the Aged in TuCheng

The folklore attaches high importance to fieldwork.To emphasize the sacredness of fieldwork,folklore scholars used to describe the oral knowledge came from fieldwork by the term of By the folk of their own and Lively.As a result,they presupposed the exemption privilege of oral knowledge.However,our field survey in the TuCheng found out the uncertainty of almost all of the oral knowledge.Therefore,the oral knowledge can not serve as reference to understand doubtless knowledge.We can not know the true story o...