“藏族”,“康族”,还是“博族”?——民国时期康区族群的话语政治

在民国时代的康区,存在三种称谓当地土著族群的名称:"藏族"、"康族"和"博族"。这三种名称来自三种不同的政治力量,分别是民国中央政府、刘文辉领导的西康省政府和以格桑泽仁为代表的土著族群精英。本文将这三种称谓理解为三种话语,其间的分歧反映了三种具有不同的背景、立场与政治诉求的力量间的竞争。通过对这样一种"话语竞争"的分析,本文试图探寻一条理解民国时代康区的政治与族群进程的线索,展示在中国由传统王朝国家向现代民族国家转变的过程中,在国家政权建设与地方权力博弈的复杂互动中,"族群性"作为一种历史现象如何逐渐凸显出来,具有了新的政治意涵。

Zangzu, Kangzu or Bozu: The Discourse Politics of Ethnicity in Khams during Republic Era

During the period of the Republic of China, there were three means to define the ethnic classification of in-digenous population in Khams:Zangzu, Kangzu and Bozu. These three names came from three different political powers respectively-the central government, Liuwenhui’s Xikang province government and the indigenous ethnic elites, such as Gesangzeren. This paper regards these three means of naming as three kinds of discourse, and the divergence reflects the competition among these three powers which had different backgrounds, positions and political claims. By making an analysis of such a discourse combat, this paper attempts to explore an approach to better understand the political change and ethnicity process in Khams during the Republic era, and further to reveal how"ethnicity"-as a historical phenomenon-emerged and got its political implication gradually during the process of China’s transformation from a traditional dynastic empire to a modern nation state.