从母语文字记载看女真人的多元宗教生活

现存女真文语料基本上可以视作一个封闭的集合,对女真人有史可据的宗教信仰都有反映,基于此进行的宗教语汇准确考订和穷尽性搜集,可以从语料共时表现的横向比较和语料历时表现的纵向比较两个方面作出一批统计数据.从数据反映可以看出:作为女真人信仰基础和核心的萨满教,尽管在外来多种宗教的冲击下略有退却,但是仍然保持了在女真人群中的强势社会影响,即使在晚期女真人已经深度汉化后萨满教的作用也不容小觑；而在外来的宗教中,佛教较之儒教而言对于女真人意识形态的总体影响更为显著,儒教只是随着女真人的不断汉化而发挥着愈来愈显著的影响力,在整个社会生活层面,毋宁说是儒家范式在对女真人的生活起着强势的作用；在女真人有据可稽的几百年历史中,道教几乎没有进入女真人的信仰空间之中.

On the Poly-religious Life of the Jurchen People Based on the Indigenous Jurchen Recordings

The extant Jurchen recordings,regarded almost as a close set,could reflect several historiographic religions worshipped by Jurchen people.Based on it,there comes a precise identification,as well as a full collection,of the Jurchen lexical recordings on religious life,which would become a series of statistic data,both synchronic and diachronic.These data could suggest three points as follows: 1) Shamanism,the indigenous Jurchen worshipping basis,kept itself a strong influence on the Jurchen society until the later periods despite of some shock from exotic religions;2) Buddhism had a stronger influence on the Jurchen ideology than Confucianism,which,as an actual living mode,influenced on the Jurchen people with a gradual sinization;3) Taoism hardly came into the Jurchen people’s ideology based on the historical recordings.