论印度陈那因明非演绎

玄奘开创的汉传因明忠实地弘扬了陈那因明体系,唐疏成为准确打开陈那因明逻辑体系的一把钥匙。陈那因明是论辩逻辑,其学科性质决定它的两个初始概念同品、异品必须“除宗有法”(论题主项),进而规定了同喻体和异喻体并非全称命题,这必然导致陈那因明非演绎。

Why Dignaāga’s Logic is not Deductive

Concluding from the studieson Dignaāga’s system of logic in the last century,this paper rejects the approach of interpreting Dignaāga’s theory through the eyes of Dharmakiīrti’s later development. Accordingly,Dignaāga’s logic cannot,as having been pervasively accepted in the last century,be regarded as a theory of deduction. The Chinese tradition of Buddhist logic,of which Xuanzang is the actual founder,has preserved a uniqueinter pretation of Dignaāga. This kind of interpretation is different from that of Dharmakiīrti and presumably represents an earlier tradition of Dignaāga’s logic. According to this tradition,Dignaāga’s logic is permeated with dialectical considerations. In this light,the paks·a should be included in neither sapak·sa nor vipak·sa in Dignaāga’s logic. A reasoning in Dignaāga’s logic starts not from a universal premise but from apremise with a restricted realm of discourse. This kind of reasoning is obviously non-deductive.