连锁董事、区域企业间连锁董事网与区域经济发展——对上海和广东两地2001年上市公司的实证考察

本文描述了上海与广东企业 ,因连锁董事的企业间联系而构成的区域企业网络的形态。研究发现 ,上海企业镶嵌于一个具有整体的、广泛的企业连锁网络之中 ,而广东企业镶嵌于一个离散的、小型的企业连锁格局之中。结合西方关于企业间连锁董事网络形成的理论和本研究的实证结果 ,本文得出以下可能的推论:(1)从网络形成的角度讲 ,地区企业网络形态的形成和发展具有路径依赖的特征。具体的讲 ,上海企业连锁董事网的形成很大程度上镶嵌于广泛而紧密的社会、经济关系之中。而广东企业间离散的、小型的连锁格局很大程度上与其依据于市场的经济运作模式相关。由于广东的企业更多地依赖市场实现企业的相关战略 ,企业间的非经济关系诸如企业间的连锁董事网相对简单和缺省。 (2)从企业间的连锁董事网对企业行为及地区经济可能造成的影响讲 ,上海企业的经济行为和经济发展多多少少地受其特有的企业间连锁董事网形态的影响———其有可能促进企业成功应对环境的不确定性、有利于政府对企业以及企业间的协调与控制、以及有利于企业对资源的获取。但同时 ,广泛而紧密的企业间连锁也可能促进企业层面或管理者阶层的共谋 ,破环经济秩序与效率。虽然广东企业主要依赖发达的市场来获得快捷而足够的信息 ,其并不能完全替代企业?

Linker Directors,Linker Directors'Networks of Regional Enterprises;and Regional Economic Growth

This paper describes the respective form of the regional enterprise network in Shanghai and Guangdong Province shaped by the linkage between enterprises and linker directors.After our study,we have found that enterprises in Shanghai are set into a chain network with a wide range of integral enterprises,while in Guangdong,into a chain pattern coving separate,small-scale enterprises.Combining the Western theory about the making of chain director network of enterprises with our case study in this paper,we in this article have drawn the following possible deduction:1.viewed at point of the shaping of this network,the shaping and development of the form of regional enterprise netˉworks rely characteristically on channels,---to be concrete,the coming into being of Shanghai's enterprise chain director network is set,to a great extent,in extensive,close social and economic reˉlations,whereas in Guangdong,the loose,small-scale chain patter is,to a great degree,associated with the economic operation model dependent on the market,and non-economic relations between enterprises,such as enterprise linker director networks,are relatively simple and few because Guangˉdong's enterprises lean more on the market to actualize their related strategy;2.looked at from the angle of the possible effect of inter-enterprise chain directors network on enterprise behavior and reˉgional economy,the economic behavior and development of Shanghai's enterprises are more or less swayed by its peculiar form of inter-enterprise chain directors,which has the possibility to spur enˉterprises to cope successfully with the uncertainty of circumstances,to be favorable to coordination between the government and enterprises and between enterprises,to government control,and resources obtainment by enterprises---but extensive and close inter-enterprise chains may instigate conspiracy formed by enterprise managers and governmental administrators against economic order and efficiency.Enterprises in Guangdong can quickly collect enough information mainly by the developed markets,but it cannot completely replace the function of various strategic relations between enterprises,such as the link between inter-enterprise chain directors. Of course,the model of economic operation by markets may avoid the conspiracy,facing Shangˉhai,formed by chain director networks or by administrators and managers.Besides,extensive and closely knitted-enterprise networks may,at a given moment important to economy,make appear the situation in which once one party is harmed,all are injured,and therefore,whether and how the inˉter-enterprise chain director network should be instituted,we should observe the principle of"it all depends".Enterprises may establish or bread chains.In our view,the important study orientations in the future will include the role in regional economic growth and enterprise network relations played by the government and enterprises;the formation of enterprise networks;and the mechanism concerning the effect of specific form of enterprise networks upon enterprises'economic behavior.