人工智能时代企业管理变革的逻辑与分析框架

人工智能作为社会发展和技术创新的产物,已经成为新一轮科技创新和产业变革的核心驱动力,正在对世界经济、社会进步和人民生活产生极其深刻的影响。人工智能的商业应用会改变企业内部运作和生产经营的过程,为企业管理带来了诸多挑战和变革机遇。本文结合人工智能的特征与发展趋势,从管理对象、管理属性、管理决策和管理伦理四个方面对人工智能时代企业管理变革的逻辑进行了梳理,得出如下推论:第一,人工智能时代,被管理者将出现越来越多的"人工智能员工",以"社会人"为中心的管理理论和管理手段的适用性降低,如何管理"人工智能员工"以及协调人类员工与智能机器人的关系将对管理者提出挑战;第二,人工智能时代,管理属性不仅包括管理理论的科学性、管理实践的艺术性,还包括管理过程的技术性;第三,人工智能时代,将出现一批优秀的技术管理者,此时,技术管理者指的不是管理技术的人,而是掌握智能技术的管理者;第四,人工智能时代,管理者的决策环境得到优化,管理活动中的决策准则将由"满意决策"过渡为"最优决策";第五,人工智能时代,管理手段的智能化发展可能会加剧管理效率和管理伦理的冲突,管理者必须提升管理道德,经营过程中强化社会责任的履行;第六,随着人工智能技术发展,政府、社会团体和行业协会有必要从政策、法律与行业标准等多个方面构建人工智能发展伦理的多层次约束机制。

Change Logic and Analysis Framework of Enterprise Management in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

In July 2019, iR esearch predicted in its"2019 China’s AI Industry Report"that the scale of the coreindustry of artificial intelligence in 2019 would be close to 57 billion yuan. By September 2019, the InternationalFederation of Robotics(IFR)released the latest global robot market report"World Robotics 2019"in Shanghai, China,which showed that the annual sales volume of world robotics reached a new high point of 16.5 billion dollars. The abovedata all shows that artificial intelligence, as the product of social development and technological innovation, has not onlybecome the core driving force of the new technological innovation and industrial transformation round, but also produceda profound impact on the world economy, social progress and people’s life both home and abroad. With the developmentof artificial intelligence technology and its substantial integration with traditional industry business model and businessprocess,"business application"has become the most distinctive theme word of artificial intelligence in the current stage.The business landing of artificial intelligence is bound to change the internal operation and production management processof the enterprise, and bring many opportunities and motivation for the enterprise development, such as improvingmanagement efficiency, reshaping the business model and optimizing the decision-making environment. But at the sametime, it also brings a series of impacts to the traditional enterprise management concept and traditional enterprisemanagement mode, such as causing new management ethics problems. In this context, the change and innovation ofenterprise management in the era of artificial intelligence has aroused the common concern of academia and practice.In this paper we comb the change logic of enterprise management in the era of artificial intelligence from the fol-lowing four aspects: management object, management attributes, management decision-making and management eth-ics, then draw the following conclusions: Firstly, in the era of artificial intelligence, there will be more and more"arti-ficial intelligence employees". Secondly, in the era of artificial intelligence, management attributes include not onlythe scientific nature of management theory and the artistry of management practice, but also the technicality of man-agement process. Thirdly, in the era of artificial intelligence, there will be a group of excellent technical managers.At this time, the technical managers are not the people who manage technology, but the managers who master intelli-gent technology. Fourthly, in the era of artificial intelligence, the decision-making environment of managers is opti-mized, and the decision-making criteria in management activities will be changed from"satisfactory decision-mak-ing"to"optimal decision-making". Fifthly, in the era of artificial intelligence, managers must adopt related mea-sures to improve management ethics level, and strengthen the performance of social responsibility in the process ofoperation. Sixthly, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, it is now necessary for the government,social organizations and industry associations to build a multi-level constraint mechanism of artificial intelligence de-velopment ethics from the aspect of policy, law and industry standards.This paper systematically combs the influence of artificial intelligence on the theory and practice of enterprisemanagement, and constructs the logic and analysis framework of enterprise management reform in the era of artificialintelligence, hoping to initiate theoretical research in this field, and provide reference for enterprises to take measures tomake full use of the development opportunities of artificial intelligence and calmly cope with the impact of internalmanagement.