经济转型与不同所有制部门的工资决定——从“下海”到“下岗”

本文利用中国家庭营养健康调查数据(CHNS)考察了经济转型与不同所有制部门工资分布演变的关系。结果表明,尽管20世纪整个90年代都伴随着劳动力比重在公有部门的下降和在民营部门的上升,但是1997年之前和之后的两个时期存在着显著的差异:前一个时期主要是能力比较强的人选择离开国有部门,他们在民营部门也能够获得较高的收入;后一个时期则主要是原来工资和教育水平比较低的人从公有部门转移到民营部门,在民营部门内部,他们的工资也比其他劳动者低。这一结果可以帮助我们解释不同所有制部门工资方程的差异,尤其是教育回报率的不同:本文的回归结果表明1997年,民营部门的教育回报率高于公有部门,但是到了2000年,国有部门的教育回报率开始高于民营部门。

The Relationship between the Economic Transition and the Determination of Wages in Departments of Businesses that are in Different Ownerships-from being Laid off to Going into Business

By the use of the data on China's household nutrition survey,we have explored the relationship between China's economic transition and the evolution of the wage distributions in sectors of commercial establishments that are in different ownerships. The result indicates that,although the proportion of labor force in public sectors dropped and that in private sectors climbed during the whole 1990s,the relative situation has changed markedly since 1997: before 1997,the tendency was that capable persons chose to leave state-owned enterprises or public departments for private businesses,where they could also gain higher income; after 1997,the trend has been that people on a low educational level and working at low wages have chosen to transfer from public departments or business to private commercial establishments,where their wages are also lower than those of other workers. Our study helps to explicate the disparity in the wage equations of various sectors in different ownerships,especially in terms of the rate return on education; our regression analysis shows that the rate of return in 1997 on education in private sectors was higher than that in public sectors,and that,however,from the year 2000 the rate of return in state-owned sectors on education has been higher than that in private sectors.