考虑订货协调成本与数量折扣的改良品供应链水平协调

在单个供应商与多个销售商构成的二级改良品供应链中，销售商们采用联合补货方式不仅可以分摊订货成本，而且由于订货批量的增加从而更易获得供应商提供的数量折扣合同。建立多个销售商在独立补货与联合补货中的利润水平函数，推导联合补货优于独立补货的充要条件。将销售商之间的联合补货行为转化成多人合作博弈问题，证明博弈具有的基本性质，设计基于博弈核心的利润分配方法。通过数值算例和敏感性分析验证了文中所构建模型的正确性。

The Level Coordination for the Ameliorating Items Supply Chain Considering Ordering Coordination Cost and Quantity Discount

Joint replenishment is a form of replenishment in which more than two enterprises with the same product demand work together to formulate purchasing strategies. Joint replenishment tends to make order quantity multiply, and enjoys the supplier's price discount more easily. so the retailers favor this replenishment mode. The limitations of joint replenishment are that the retailers involved in joint replenishment need to change their original purchasing rhythm and generate additional order coordination costs. Moreover, the order coordination cost of joint replenishment usually increases with the increasing of the retailers in the procuring organization. Clearly, large order coordination costs will undermine the benefits of price discounts strategie.The ameliorating items are a special kind of products. During the period of holding, the ameliorating items will cause ameliorating phenomenon, and lead to ameliorating cost which affects the plenishment decision of retailers. Amelioration phenomena do exist in industries such as farming, fisheries, and poultry farming. Fast growing livestock such as ducks, pigs, broiler in poultry farms, hybrid fish in ponds and the culture of vegetables, fruits on farms are some examples. The phenomenon of amelioration is the opposite of deterioration and the modeling of it deserves an in-depth study.Considering a two-echelon supply chain of ameliorating items consisted of a single supplier and multiple retailers, the supplier provides quantity discount strategy to attract the retailers to increase order quantity. Each retailer is faced with two replenishment modes:independent replenishment and joint replenishment. If the retailers choose independent replenishment, the quantity of each order would be smaller and the price discount offered by the supplier might not be available. However, in the case of joint replenishment, the retailers will have to share order coordination costs. The function of total profit per unit time of independent replenishment and joint reolenishment for the retailers respectively are established. The optimal order cycle and maximum total profit per unit time under two replenishment mode are obtained. By comparing the maximum total profit per unit time of the two replenishment modes, the condition that the joint replenishment is superior to the independent replenishment is obtained. On this basis, the joint replenishment behavior among the retailers is transformed into a multi-player cooperative game problem. The basic properties of the game are proved, and the profit distribution method based on the core of the game is designed. Finally, a numerical example and sensitivity analysis are given to illustrate the correctness of the proposed model.