多产品救援物资的储备决策:一个扩展的Newsvendor模型

储备一定数量的救援物资用于应对可能的灾害事件对于改善救援工作的绩效有着重要的意义。在考虑救援组织机构面对多种可能的灾害事件的基础上，本文利用一个二阶段交付过程模型来刻画灾害事件发生后救援物资的交付。该模型明确救灾组织在灾害事件发生后首先交付储备物资，如果需求短缺则再综合利用社会捐赠物资和应急采购满足剩余需求。以期望总成本最小化为目标，在需求全部被满足的前提下，本文建立了多产品救援物资的储备决策模型，并给出了其最优解的隐函数形式。进一步，考虑救灾物资储备存在预算限制，研究了具有预算限制的多产品救援物资储备决策模型，并设计了一种二分法的求解算法。数值算例的计算结果则对所建立模型及算法进行了检验。

Pre-positioning Decisions of Stockpiling Multiple Relief Materials: An Extended Newsvendor Approach

Stockpiling relief resources play a vital role in improving performance of responding potential disasters. Considering a relief organization facing multiple contingent disaster events, a two-stage delivery process model is developed to characterize relief materials' delivery after a disaster. The delivery process model proposes that relief organizations first deliver the stockpiling inventories after a disaster. The second delivery incorporating social donation and emergency purchasing is triggered only when the demand is backordered. A multi-product inventory model is proposed that aims to minimize the expected total costs when all demands incurred by an arbitrary disaster need to be fully satisfied. The optimal solution characterized by an implicit function is derived. Furthermore, the effect of the budget constraint is also investigated. A binary algorithm is established for solving the model. Numerical examples are employed to examine the model and algorithm.