考虑实时预倒箱的出口箱堆场多场桥调度优化

在出口集装箱堆场的实际作业过程中，倒箱是制约场桥作业效率的瓶颈之一。为提高出口箱堆场的作业效能，减少船舶装船作业时间，采用实时预倒来降低倒箱的影响，研究出口箱堆场多场桥调度优化问题。考虑待提箱作业次序固定、场桥间保持安全距离及不可跨越的现实约束，兼顾内集卡的等待上限，侧重场桥作业过程中的实时预倒箱，构建了以带惩罚因子的内集卡总等待时间最少为目标的混合整数线性规划模型。基于问题自身的特点设计了混合和声模拟退火算法，得出了各场桥的行走路径与实时预倒箱方案。在算例实验中，通过与不考虑实时预倒箱的方案、FCFS方案以及下界进行对比，验证了考虑实时预倒箱的场桥调度模型及算法的有效性，为集装箱码头出口箱堆场的场桥调度提供参考。

Multi-yard Cranes Scheduling Optimization of Export Container Yard Considering Real-time Pre-marshaling

In the actual operation process of the export container yard, pre-marshalling is one of the bottlenecks that constrain the operation efficiency of yard cranes. In order to improve the operation efficiency of the export container yard and reduce the processing time of the shipment, the real-time pre-marshalling is adopted to reduce the impact of marshalling and optimize the scheduling of multi-yard cranes in the export container yard. Due to the fixed operation sequence of containers waiting for lifts and the constraints of non-crossing and safe distance among yard cranes, the real-time pre-marshalling is investigated, as well as considering the waiting time constraints of internal container trucks. A mixed integer programming model with a penalized objective function is proposed to minimize the total waiting time of internal container trucks. Based on the characteristics of the problem, a hybrid harmony simulated annealing algorithm is designed to obtain the walking path of each yard crane and a real-time pre-marshalling scheme. In the numerical experiments, compared with the scheme without considering the real-time pre-marshalling, the FCFS scheme and the lower bound, the effectiveness of the crane scheduling model and the algorithm considering the real-time pre-marshalling is validated, and a reference is provided for the crane scheduling in export container yard.