双薪家庭的家务性别分工：经济依赖、性别观念或情感表达

基于２０１０年第三期中国妇女地位调查数据的分析显示，城镇家庭的家务劳动分工具有“女性为主，男性为辅”的特征。研究表明，经济依赖关系、工作时间、性别角色观念均显著地影响着两性的家务分工，但其影响机制存在差别。对于男性而言，经济上的独立与成就对于其家务劳动投入的影响最大，其次是工作时间与性别角色观念，这些要素均相对独立地发挥作用，男性家务劳动的承担不存在“性别表演”。对于女性而言，纯粹的经济独立（对配偶收入的依赖程度、本人的绝对收入状况等）并非其家务劳动投入的最好预测，性别角色观念也不独立地对家务劳动参与产生影响。部分女性的家务劳动在经济依赖与性别角色观念交互影响下存在着形态与效应各异的“性别表演”。这一特征揭示了两性在劳动力市场中的经济地位与社会文化期待交互影响的形塑作用。

Household Division of Housework for Double Income Family: Economic Dependence,Gender Ideologies,or Emotional Express?

Based on the analysis of sampling data of Third National Women’s Status Survey in 2010，this paper finds that household division of housework in urban China displays a characteristic of “women do much more than men”.Household division of housework is influenced by the economic dependent relation between the couple，time spent on paid work and gender role attitude，and with quite different mechanisms for male and female.For male，economic independence and success is the best indicator for time spent on housework，with those more dependent economically shouldering much more household work. The influence of gender role attitude on division of housework is significant statistically and independently regardless of other factors.No gender display exists for male.Economic dependency is not the best predictor for female’s housework involvement，and gender role attitude does not work independently as well. The interaction of economic dependency and gender role attitude on household division displays very complex results for female, and the gender display appeared under such context has quite different patterns and effects.The effects of gender display decrease if women’s gender role attitude is increasingly toward modern.The gendered division of housework is shaped by the economic status of labor market and social cultural expectation and their interactions as well. Gender role attitude plays as an intermediate variable between economic dependency and household division.So we give an explanation why household division of housework in China remains women doing more housework than men despite the fact that Chinese female greatly improve their economic situation and pay as much time as male on productive work.