运作于压力型科层制与乡土社会之间的乡镇政权:以桔镇为研究对象

乡镇政权运作的悖论在于其形式上的科层制设置与实质上的非正式运作，这不仅体现在权力运作的技术和策略上，更表现在乡镇对自身结构的转换上。本文以桔镇为典型个案，通过桔镇政权的职能与机构的组织配置以及“财”与“政”的运作，清晰地展现了乡镇政权非正式运作的实态，进而透析了其非正式运作的内在逻辑。研究发现，乡镇政权的非正式运作源于乡镇的一种“上下之间”的独特处境，即乡镇既位于一种自上而下的压力型科层制之下，又被置于一个非程式化的乡村社会之上。这种处境使乡镇嵌入三种关系之中：压力体制与科层体制的关系，压力性任务与资源匮乏的关系，以及程式化科层组织与非程式化乡村社会的关系。这三种关系的存在使乡镇政权组织必须在压力型体制、科层制和乡村社会的胶结状态中寻求自洽的生存之道，并最终型塑了乡镇政权运作的逻辑与特征。

Town Government's Power Operations between the Pressure Hierarchical/ Bureaucratic System and the Rural Society:A Case Study of Ju Town

The paradox of township power is in its formal bureaucratic institutional structure but its practical informal operation,which is seen not only in its tactics and strategies but also in its own structural transformation.This paper takes Ju Town as a case and presents the town government's actual informal operation and its inherent operational logic by describing the town government's administrative functions and its structure,and the operations of the financial and administrative constituents.This study has...