从儒学的宗教性谈中国哲学的"特点"问题

多年来,宗教在我国常常被理解为与理性思维相对立的神灵崇拜或迷信,这导致人们倾向于把具有大量理性思维内容的儒学当作是哲学,并把儒学的几乎所有特点都不加分辨地称之为中国哲学的特点.本文在重新界定宗教思维的特点及儒学的宗教性的前提下,指出当前国内学术界所盛行的关于中国哲学特点的一系列说法,多半都是将儒学的宗教性思维误当成中国哲学的特点.他们所说的许多中国哲学的所谓特点,比如重直觉、重人生、重道德、"天人合一"以及"知行合一"之类,都可以理解成宗教性思维的体现,无关乎中国哲学与西方哲学之别.

A Discussion on the "Features" of Chinese Philosophy in Terms of the Religious Thinking in Confucian Learning

For a very long time, religion has been thought to be a form of superstition or worship of gods, which is antagonistic to rational way of thinking. Thus, the Confucian learning, which consists of much rational theinking, is thought to be a kind of philosophy, and scholars have tended to assume indiscriminately that almost all the typical characteristics of Confucian thinking represent the features of Chinese philosophy. By re edifying the characteristics of religious thinking and religious nature, this paper states that a lot of the interpretation of the characteristics of Chinese philosophy prevalent within Chinese academic circles is mostly due to the fact that the Confucian religious thinking is mistaken for Chinese philosophy. Many of the so called necessary features of Chinese philosophy, such as emphasis on intuition, human life and morality, combination of man and heaven, and integration of knowledge and behavior, can be interpreted as the embodiment of religiousness, but have nothing to do with the difference between Chinese philosophy and western philosophy.