农村公共品供给制度:公共财政还是公共选择?

我国农村公共品供给制度的核心问题是:被边缘化的农村既不存在与城市类似的财政安排,也不存在基于私人自愿集体行动的公共选择机制。因此,在社会主义新农村建设的大背景下,无论是公共财政的资金投入或制度导入,还是乡村治理的改进都有益于农村公共品供给效率和公平的权衡。城乡公共财政均等化战略在当前至关重要,但在政府行为战略性推进的过程中应该积极培育农村自愿集体行动组织,并避免业已自发形成的自愿合作秩序受到“理性自负”的冲击和破坏,从而兼顾均等化战略所产生的一次性社会改进与长期性社会改进机制的培育。

Institutions of China's Rural Public Goods Provision: Public Finance or Public Choice?

Neither formal fiscal arrangement of public finance nor collective action mechanism based on voluntary cooperation exists in rural China.Under the background of building new socialist rural areas,both the extension of public finance to rural areas and the improvement of rural governance will be beneficial to the higher level trade-off between efficiency and equity.The strategy of fiscal equalization is of great importance,while spontaneous rural cooperation organizations should be protected and developed.Both the effects of one-time social improvement and the long term social improvement mechanism should be considered in such an equalizing strategy.